Center for Biological Diversity

110 Success Stories for Endangered Species Day 2012

Northeast        


American burying beetle (Nicrophorus americanus)

Status: Endangered Critical habitat: none
Listed: 8/13/1989 Recovery plan: 9/27/1991
   

Range: AR(b), KS(b), MA(b), NE(b), OH(b), OK(b), RI(b), SD(b), TX(b) --- AL(x), CT(x), DE(x), DC(x), FL(x), GA(x), IL(x), IN(x), IA(x), KY(x), LA(x), ME(x), MD(x), MI(x), MN(x), MS(x), MO(x), MT(x), NH(x), NY(x), NJ(x), NC(x), ND(x), PA(x), SC(x), TN(x), VT(x), VA(x), WV(x), WI(x)

SUMMARY
The cause of the American burying beetle's 90% range loss is not well understood, but is thought to be due to disruptions in the food and reproductive web. It is threatened by competition, drought, invasive ants and habatat loss. When listed as endangered in 1989, there were only two known populations. Captive breeding, reintroduction efforts and intensive surveys have increased the total number of populations to 20 or more in 2011.

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American peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum)

Status: Delisted Critical habitat: 8/11/1977
Listed: 6/2/1970 Recovery plan: 6/30/1991
   

Range: AL(m), AK(b), AZ(b), AR(m), CA(b), CO(b), CT(b), DE(b), DC(m), GA(b), ID(b), IL(b), IN(b), IA(b), KS(m), KY(b), LA(m), ME(b), MD(b), MA(b), MI(b), MN(b), MS(m), MO(m), MT(b), NE(b), NV(b), NH(b), NY(b), NM(b), NJ(b), NC(b), ND(m), OH(b), OK(m), OR(b), PA(b), RI(b), SC(b), SD(b), TN(b), TX(b), UT(b), VT(b), VA(b), WA(b), WV(m), WI(b), WY(b) ---

SUMMARY
The use of DDT and other organochlorine pesticides thinned American peregrine falcon eggshells, causing reproductive failure and population declines. The banning of DDT, captive-breeding efforts and nest protections allowed falcons to increase from 324 breeding pairs in 1975 to 3,005 pairs as of 2006. The species was delisted in 1999.

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Arctic peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius)

Status: DelistedCritical habitat: none
Listed: 6/2/1970Recovery plan: 6/30/1991
   

Range: AL(m), AK(b), AZ(m), AR(m), CA(m), CO(m), CT(m), DE(m), DC(m), FL(m), GA(m), ID(m), IL(m), IN(m), IA(m), KS(m), KY(m), LA(m), ME(m), MD(m), MA(m), MI(m), MN(m), MS(m), MO(m), MT(m), NE(m), NV(m), NH(m), NY(m), NM(m), NJ(m), NC(m), ND(m), OH(m), OK(m), OR(m), PA(m), RI(m), SC(m), SD(m), TN(m), TX(m), UT(m), VT(m), VA(m), WA(m), WV(m), WI(m), WY(m) ---

SUMMARY
The Arctic peregrine falcon declined due to the egg shell-thinning effects of DDT and other organochlorine pesticides. Its listing as an endangered species in 1970 (along with other birds of prey) prompted the EPA to ban DDT in 1972. Counts of migratory Arctic falcons increased from 103 in 1976, to 1,017 in 2004. The species was downlisted to threatened in 1984 and delisted in 1991.

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Atlantic green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas mydas)

Status: Threatened/EndangeredCritical habitat: 9/2/1998
Listed: 7/28/1978Recovery plan: 5/18/1999
   

Range: AL(s), CT(s), DE(m), FL(b), GA(b), LA(s), MA(s), MS(s), NY(s), NJ(s), NC(b), PR(b), RI(s), SC(b), TX(s), VI(b), VA(m) ---

SUMMARY
The Atlantic green sea is threatened by egg collection, hunting, vandalism, disturbance while nesting, beach development, habitat loss, and sea level rise. Its population has increased in the United States since being listed as endangered in 1978, but systematic surveys only began in 1989. It grew by 2,206% in Florida between 1989 and 2011 (464 to 10,701) and has achieved its population size recovery goal.

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Atlantic hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata imbricata)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: 9/2/1998
Listed: 6/2/1970Recovery plan: 5/18/1999
   

Range: AL(s), CT(o), DE(o), FL(b), GA(o), LA(s), MD(o), MA(o), MS(s), NY(o), NJ(o), NC(o), PR(b), RI(o), SC(o), TX(s), VI(b), VA(o) ---

SUMMARY
Globally, the number of hawksbill sea turtles may have declined by as much as 80 percent over the past century due to commerce in their shells, poaching, habitat loss, bycatch and entanglement in marine debris. Although hawksbill numbers continue to decline globally, at protected beaches on Mona Island, Puerto Rico, nests increased from 177 in 1974 to 332 in 2005.

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Atlantic leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea (Atlantic population))

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: 3/23/1979
Listed: 6/2/1970Recovery plan: 5/18/1999
   

Range: CT(s), DE(s), FL(b), GA(b), ME(s), MD(s), MA(s), NH(s), NY(s), NJ(s), NC(b), PR(b), RI(s), SC(b), VI(b), VA(s) ---

SUMMARY
The Atlantic leatherback sea turtles declined due to habitat destruction, commercial fishery bycatch, harvest of eggs, hunting of adults, and loss of beach nesting habitat. It is still threatened by these, and in some places by offshore oil drilling. Globally, leatherback sea turtles have been declining for decades. U.S. populations, however, have increased since being listed as endangered in 1970. Between 1989 and 2011, nests at Florida core index beaches increased from 27 to 615.

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Atlantic piping plover (Charadrius melodus (Atlantic DPS))

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: 7/10/2001
Listed: 12/11/1985Recovery plan: 5/18/1999
   

Range: AL(s), CT(b), DE(b), FL(s), GA(s), LA(s), ME(b), MD(b), MA(b), MS(s), NH(b), NY(b), NJ(b), NC(b), PR(s), RI(b), SC(b), TX(s), VA(b) ---

SUMMARY
Atlantic piping plover populations initially declined due to hunting and the millinery trade. With these eliminated, it increased in the first half of the 20th century, but began declining after 1950 due to development, beach crowding and predation. It was listed as 1985 after which intensive habitat protection and control of recreationists and predators, increased its U.S. population from 550 pairs in 1986 to 1,550 in 2011, reaching its overall U.S. recovery goal in 3 of the last 5 years.

 

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Bald eagle (continental U.S. DPS) (Haliaeetus leucocephalus (Continental U.S. DPS))

Status: DelistedCritical habitat: none
Listed: 3/11/1967Recovery plan: 5/18/1999
   

Range: AL(b), AZ(b), AR(b), CA(b), CO(b), CT(b), DE(b), DC(b), FL(b), GA(b), ID(b), IL(b), IN(b), IA(b), KS(b), KY(b), LA(b), ME(b), MD(b), MA(b), MI(b), MN(b), MS(b), MO(b), MT(b), NE(b), NV(b), NH(b), NY(b), NM(b), NJ(b), NC(b), ND(b), OH(b), OK(b), OR(b), PA(b), RI(b), SC(b), SD(b), TN(b), TX(b), UT(b), VT(b), VA(b), WA(b), WV(b), WI(b), WY(b) ---

SUMMARY
The bald eagle declined throughout the lower 48 states, and was extirpate from most of them due to habitat loss, persecution, and DDT-related eggshell thinning. The banning of DDT, increased wetland protection and restoration, and an aggressive, mostly state-based reintroduction program caused eagle pairs to soar from 416 in 1963 to 11,052 in 2007 when the eagle was removed from the endangered list.

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Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: none
Listed: 6/2/1970Recovery plan: 10/23/1998
   

Range: AK(s), CA(s), FL(o), HI(s), ME(o), MD(o), MA(o), NH(o), NY(o), NC(o), OR(m), RI(o), SC(o), WA(m) ---

SUMMARY
The blue whale population was reduced by as much as 99 percent due to whaling that occurred before the mid-1960s. The number of whales reported off the coast of California, the largest stock in U.S. waters, increased from 704 in 1980 to an estimated 2,497 in 2010.

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Brown pelican (Eastern DPS) (Pelecanus occidentalis (Atlantic/Eastern Gulf Coast DPS))

Status: DelistedCritical habitat: none
Listed: 10/13/1970Recovery plan: 6/30/1980
   

Range: AL(b), CT(o), DE(s), FL(b), GA(b), ME(o), MD(b), MA(o), NH(o), NY(s), NJ(s), NC(b), RI(o), SC(b), VA(b) ---

SUMMARY
Reproductive failure due to eggshell thinning, caused by the pesticide DDT, was the main cause of brown pelican population declines. The pelican has recovered, but now faces threats from offshore oil and wind development, rising sea levels and hurricanes. Brown pelican nests on the Atlantic Coast increased from 2,796 in 1970 to 15,670 in 1999; on the eastern Gulf Coast, nest numbers increased slightly from 5,100 in 1970 to 5,682 in 1999. The eastern brown pelican was delisted in 1985 due to recovery.

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Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: none
Listed: 3/11/1967Recovery plan: 6/8/1993
   

Range: DE(b), MD(b), PA(b), VA(b) --- NJ(x)

SUMMARY
Logging and conversion of forests to farms and developments destroyed much of the Delmarva Peninsula fox squirrel's habitat. The squirrel remains threatened by ongoing habitat loss, car strikes and rising sea levels due to global climate change. At the time of listing in 1967, the squirrel occupied only 10 percent of the Delmarva Peninsula. As of 2007, its likely occupied range had expanded to 27 percent of the peninsula. In addition, 11 of 16 translocations have been successful.

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Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: none
Listed: 6/2/1970Recovery plan: 7/30/2010
   

Range: AL(o), AK(s), CA(s), CT(s), DE(s), FL(s), GA(s), HI(s), LA(o), ME(s), MD(s), MA(s), MS(o), NH(s), NY(s), NJ(s), NC(s), OR(s), PA(s), RI(s), SC(s), TX(o), VA(s), WA(s) ---

SUMMARY
Fin whales were hunted in all the world's oceans for the first three-quarters of the 20th century, causing population decline. Ongoing threats include illegal and legal whaling, vessel collisions, fishing gear entanglement, reduced prey and noise. Total population size is unknown, but both the North Atlantic and North Pacific populations increased between 1995 and 2009.

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Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: 9/24/1976
Listed: 3/11/1967Recovery plan: 10/3/2001
   

Range: AL(o), CT(o), DE(o), FL(b), GA(b), LA(o), MD(o), MS(o), NY(o), NJ(o), NC(o), RI(o), SC(o), TX(o), VA(o) ---

SUMMARY
The Florida manatee is imperiled by habitat loss, coastal development, and motor boat collisions. It was listed as endangered in 1967, but range-wide systematic surveys were not instituted until 1991. The manatee increased 227% between 1991 and 2011 (1,478 to 4,834 manatees). Local surveys indicate the manatee has been increasing since the 1970s.

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Great Lakes piping plover (Charadrius melodus (Great Lakes DPS))

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: 7/10/2001
Listed: 12/11/1985Recovery plan: 9/8/2003
   

Range: AL(s), FL(s), GA(s), LA(s), MI(b), MS(s), NC(s), SC(s), TX(s), VA(s), WI(b) --- IL(x), IN(x), MN(x), NY(x), OH(x), PA(x)

SUMMARY
Early declines in Great Lakes piping plover populations were due to hunting, egg collecting and the millinery trade; later declines were the result of development, predation, and human recreation in plover nesting habitat. When the Great Lakes piping plover was listed as endangered in 1985, only 19 pairs remained. It increased to 55 pairs in 2011 and its range had expanded to the south, east and west.

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Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: none
Listed: 6/2/1970Recovery plan: 11/15/1991
   

Range: AL(o), AK(s), CA(s), CT(s), DE(s), FL(s), GA(s), HI(s), LA(o), ME(s), MD(s), MA(s), MS(o), NH(s), NY(s), NJ(s), NC(s), OR(s), RI(s), SC(s), TX(o), VA(s), WA(s) ---

SUMMARY
Humpback whale populations were greatly depleted by commercial whaling by the early 1900s. In 1966, the entire North Pacific humpback population was thought to number only around 1,200 animals. As of 2010, the total population of North Pacific humpback was estimated at 21,808.

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Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: none
Listed: 12/2/1970Recovery plan: 9/22/2011
   

Range: AL(o), CT(s), DE(s), FL(o), GA(s), LA(m), ME(s), MD(s), MA(s), MS(m), NH(s), NY(s), NJ(s), NC(s), PR(o), RI(s), SC(o), TX(b), VI(o), VA(s) ---

SUMMARY
More than 40,000 Kemp's Ridley sea turtles once nested in a single day on one beach in Mexico, but egg collection, oil drilling, development, and commercial fishing extirpated it from the United States by the 1950s. It was listed as endangered in 1970 and was reintroduced to Texas in 1978. There was little progress until 1995. The population reached 199 in 2011. The Mexican population grew from a low of 740 in the mid-1980s to at least 11,600 nests in 2006.

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Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii)

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Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: none
Listed: 3/11/1967Recovery plan: 6/30/1985
   

Range: FL(m), GA(m), KY(m), MI(b), NC(m), OH(m), PA(m), SC(m), WV(m), WI(b) ---

SUMMARY
Kirtland's warbler declined due to fire suppression suppresse creation of stands of young jack pine, nest parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds, and loss of forest habitat to development and agriculture. It was listed as an endangered species in 1967. In 1971, there were only 201 surviving pairs. In response to habitat protection and restoration, and cowbird control, the population grew steadily to 1,805 pairs in 2011.

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Plymouth red-bellied cooter (DPS) (Pseudemys rubriventris pop. 1)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: 4/2/1980
Listed: 4/2/1980Recovery plan: 5/6/1994
   

Range: MA(b) ---

SUMMARY
Endemic to ponds in eastern Massachusetts, the Plymouth population of the northern red-bellied cooter is threatened by suburban sprawl, water withdrawals, human recreation, wildfire suppression, predation and environmentally skewed gender ratios. At the time of listing in 1980, there were fewer than 50 turtles in 12 ponds. As of 2007, the population size was estimated to be 400-600 breeding age individuals distributed in 20 ponds.

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Red wolf (Canis rufus)

Status: Endangered Critical habitat: none
Listed: 3/11/1967 Recovery plan: 10/26/1990
   

Range: FL(b), MS(b), NC(b), SC(b), TN(b) --- AL(x), AR(x), DE(x), DC(x), GA(x), IL(x), IN(x), KY(x), LA(x), MD(x), MO(x), OH(x), OK(x), PA(x), TX(x), VA(x), WV(x)

SUMMARY
Red wolves were decimated by habitat loss and shooting. From a population of only 17 red wolves in 1980, captive breeding and release to the wild have resulted in a total population of 300 in 2011.

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Robbins' cinquefoil (Potentilla robbinsiana)

Status: DelistedCritical habitat: 9/17/1980
Listed: 9/17/1980Recovery plan: 6/30/1991
   

Range: NH(b) ---

SUMMARY
Robbin's cinquefoil, a member of the rose family, is endemic to the Presidential Range in New Hampshire's White Mountains where it was nearly driven to extinction due to trampling and erosion from hikers on the Appalachian Trail. Following its 1980 endangered listing, the trail was rerouted by volunteers, the critical habitat was closed to entry, and a propagation and reintroduction program was established. The largest population increased from 1,547 in 1983 to 4,777 in 2006.

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Sandplain gerardia (Agalinis acuta)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: none
Listed: 9/7/1988Recovery plan: 9/20/1989
   

Range: CT(b), MD(b), MA(b), NY(b), RI(b) ---

SUMMARY
The sandplain gerardia is threatened by the ongoing loss of its coastal grassland habitats due to development. Also, the loss of grazing animals and the suppression of fires have allowed woody vegetation to claim many of its historical sites. When the sandplain gerardia was listed as endangered in 1988, only 12 of 51 historic populations remained. As of 2005 there were 22 populations, as well as an increase in the total number of plants.

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Seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus)

Status: ThreatenedCritical habitat: none
Listed: 4/7/1993Recovery plan: 11/12/1996
   

Range: DE(b), MD(b), NY(b), NJ(b), NC(b), SC(b), VA(b) --- CT(x), MA(x), RI(x)

SUMMARY
By 1988, seabeach amaranth had been extirpated from much of the Atlantic coast, largely due to beach development, dune stabilization and enhancement projects, off-road vehicles, recreation, exotic species and hurricanes. Since being placed on the endangered species list in 1993, the amaranth has recolonized New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia, and has increased from approximately 13,000 at listing to about 31,000 as of 2005.

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Shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: none
Listed: 3/11/1967Recovery plan: 12/15/1998
   

Range: CT(b), DE(b), DC(b), FL(b), GA(b), ME(b), MD(b), MA(b), NY(b), NJ(b), NC(b), PA(b), SC(b), VA(b) --- NH(x), RI(x)

SUMMARY
The shortnose sturgeon formerly occupied rivers and estuaries along the Atlantic seaboard, but was driven to near extinction by overfishing, bycatch in the shad fishery, damming of rivers, habitat destruction and deterioration of water quality. At least five sturgeon populations have increased in number since listing. For example, the Lower Connecticut River population increased from approximately 875 adults in 1990 to 1,800 as of 2003.

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Small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides)

Status: ThreatenedCritical habitat: none
Listed: 9/9/1982Recovery plan: 11/13/1992
   

Range: CT, DC, DE, GA, IL, MA, MD, ME, MI, MO, NC, NH, NJ, NY, PA, RI, SC, TN, VA, VT, WV, OH

SUMMARY
The small whorled pogonia is threatened by loss of forest habitat to residential development and roads, trampling, grazing and closure of forest canopies. Many populations are vulnerable to extinction because of their small size. It was listed as endangered in 1982 and downlisted to "threatened" status in 1994. Known sites increased from 33 in 1985 to 150 in 2007.

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Whooping crane (Grus americana)

Status: EndangeredCritical habitat: 5/15/1978
Listed: 3/11/1967Recovery plan: 3/30/2007
   

Range: CO(m), FL(b), GA(m), IL(m), IN(m), KS(m), KY(m), MT(m), NE(m), ND(m), OK(m), SD(m), TN(m), TX(s), WI(b), WY(m) --- AL(x), AR(x), DE(x), DC(x), IA(x), LA(x), MD(x), MN(x), MS(x), MO(x), NJ(x), NC(x), OH(x), SC(x), UT(x), VA(x), WV(x)

SUMMARY
The whooping crane declined precipitously in the late 1800s and early 1900s due to hunting and habitat loss. It remains threatened by habitat degradation, collisions with power lines, and oil and gas development. When listed as endangerd in 1967, the whooping crane consisted of 43 wild and 7 captive birds. By 2011, it had grown to 437 wild and 162 captive birds.

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